VIII. Sentence

           What is Sentence?

                                           - is a group of words containing a subject and predicate that allows to express a complete idea or thought

 A.) Kinds of Sentence

a.) Declarative Sentence - expresses opinions and facts and usually ends with a period.

b.) Exclamatory Sentence - expresses extent of emotion and usually ends with an exclamation point.

c.) Imperative Sentence - sentence that gives request, command, order or instruction.

                 4 Categories of an Imperative Sentence

                              1.) Request - having the word "please" in an imperative sentence

                              2.) Command - usually end with a period but can occasionally end with an exclamation point

                              3.) Order - something that has authority or is absolutely necessary it can use also when ordering in a restaurant.

                              4.) Instruction - series or compilation of guides to follow

d.) Interrogative Sentence - sentence that basically asking a question

                             1.) 5WsH Questions - basically questions with 5WsH Questions (What, When, Where, Who, Why, How)

                             2.) Yes or No Questions - questions that answerable by yes or no

                             3.) Tag Questions -  questions converted from a statement by an appended interrogative formula, e.g. it's a wonderful life, isn't it?

                             4.) Alternative Questions - questions (or interrogative) that offers the listener a closed choice between two or more answers or options to choose. 

 B.) Structure of Sentence

a.) Simple Sentence - has a subject, verb and completed thought or an object

b.) Compound Sentence - it has at least 2 independent clauses joined by comma, semi-colon or conjunction. The independent clauses should have a subject, verb and completed thought or an object.

c.) Complex Sentence - contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Moreover, it make use of subordinating conjunctions.

d.) Compound-Complex Sentence - (it contains at least 2 independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. In addition, it make us of coordinating conjunctions. 

 C.) Basic Sentence Pattern and 9 Sentence Pattern Transformation

                 a.) 10 Basic Sentence Pattern

              b.) 9 Sentence Pattern Transformation

                                 1.) Transform to Passive Voice

                                 2.) Transform to the expletive there is / there are

                                 3.) Transform to cleft

                                4.) Transform to negative

                                5.) Transform to Interrogative with “yes/no answer”.

                                6.) Transform to interrogative

                                7.) Transform to emphasis / emphatic

                                8.) Transform to imperative

                                9.) Transform to exclamatory

 D.) Sentence Arrangement

a.) Loose - A loose sentence makes its major point at the beginning and then adds subordinate phrases and clauses that develop or modify the point.

b.) Balance - In contrast with a loose sentence, a balanced sentence is composed of a paired construction on the level of the clause.

c.) Periodic - a sentence in which the main clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or suspense. A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end.

d.) Cumulative - an independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea. Contrast with a periodic sentence. Also called cumulative style or right-branching.

                FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SENTENCE ARRANGEMENT, CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW FOR A POWER POINT PRESENTATION:

                                                                                 Power point presentation for sentence arrangement 

 E.) Sentence Combination and Sentence Expansion

                                  a.) 8 Sentence Combinations

                                                 1.) Use of Relative Clause

                                                 2.) Use of Keyword Repetition or Phrase Repetition

                                                 3.) Use of Appositive

                                                 4.) Use of Participial Phrase

                                                 5.) Use of Semi-colon with Conjunctive Adverb

                                                 6.) Use of Correlative Conjunction

                                                 7.) Use of Series

                                                 8.) Use of Subordinate Clause or Introductory Clause

                                     b.) 5 Sentence Expansion

                                                1.) Adverb of Manner as an Individual Word

                                                2.) Prepositional Phrase

                                                3.) Relative Clause

                                                4.) Participial Phrase

                                                5.) Subordinate Clause

                               FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SENTENCE EXPANSION AND COMBINATION, CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW FOR A POWER POINT PRESENTATION:
                                                                         POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR SENTENCE EXPANSION AND COMBINATION   

 F.) Common Sentence Errors

a.) Verb Form

b.) Verb Tense

c.) Subject Verb Agreement

d.) Antecedent Pronoun Agreement

e.) Misplace Modifier

f.) Dangling Modifier

g.) Indefinite Reference

h.) Ambiguity Wording

i.) Unparallel Construction

j.) Shift in Construction

               j.1.) 4 Types of Shift in Construction

                            1.) Tense

                            2.) Number

                            3.) Gender

                           4.) Person

                                            FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMMON SENTENCE ERRORS, CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW FOR A POWER POINT PRESENTATION:

                                                                                POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR COMMON SENTENCE ERRORS