5.) Relative Pronouns – used to add subordinate details (who, whose, whom, which, that)

                        6.) Reflexive Pronouns – referring a previously named noun or pronoun.

B.) Noun

            - refers to the name of person, animals, places, things, events or ideas

            - 6 types of Noun:

                        1.) Common Nouns – name in general (i.e. boy, day, country)

                        2.) Proper Nouns – specific name that begins with an uppercase letter (i.e. Monday, London, Steven, Africa)

                                                  - it has 2 types and they are Concrete Nouns (can pass on our senses, i.e. dog, building, tree) and Abstract Nouns (refers to ideas, qualities and conditions, i.e. truth, danger, time, sisterhood).

                        3.) Collective Nouns – group of people or things (i.e. audience, family, government, team, jury)

                        4.) Countable Nouns – nouns that can be counted (i.e. cats, dogs)

                        5.) Mass Nouns or Uncountable Nouns – nouns that can’t be counted (i.e. rain, flour, Earth)

                        6.) Individual Nouns – refers to a distinct or indivisible entity

C.) Adjective

            - describes only the noun

            - can be formed into 3 forms of Adjectives: Descriptive, Comparative and Superlative (i.e. sweet, sweeter, sweetest)

            - Irregular form of Adjectives (i.e. bad, worse. Worst)

D.) Verb

            - refers to action words and state of being

            - has 3 basic forms of verb: Simple form of Verbs (structure: base form of verb), Present Participle form of Verb or -ing form of verb (structure: base form of verb + -ing) and Past Participle form of Verb or -ed form of verb (structure: base form of verb + -d or -ed).

            - has 3 types of verb: Action Verbs (expresses action), Helping Verbs (conveys additional information and also called as “Auxiliary Verbs”) and Linking Verbs (connects subject to a noun or an adjective and also called as “Copulative Verbs”).

                        1.) Action Verbs: 2 types of Action Verbs

                                    - Transitive Verbs (has direct object and indirect object in the sentence)

                                    - Intransitive Verbs (has an indirect object but has no direct object. May be followed by an adverb or adverbial phrases)

                        2.) Helping Verbs: 6 types of Helping Verbs

                                    - Future H.V. (structure: will/shall + simple form of verb)

                                    - Perfect H.V (structure: have/had + past participle form of verb or -ed form)

                                    - Progressive H.V (structure: Be-Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) + present participle form of verb or -ing form)

                                    - Passive H.V (structure: Be-Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) + past participle form of verb or -d or -ed form)

                                    - Emphatics H.V. (structure: Emphatic Verbs (do, does, did) + simple form of verb)

                                    - Modal H.V. (structure: Modal Verbs (can, may, might, must, could, would, should, ought to, used to) + simple forms of verb)

                        3.) Linking Verbs: 2 types of Linking Verbs

                                    - Be-Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being)

                                    - Sense Verbs (look, seem, appear, smell, taste, feel, stand, grow, become)

            - has 9 tenses of verbs:

                    (Simple Tenses – used to express facts and situation that existed in past, present and future)

                        - Simple Past Tense (base form of verb + -d or -ed)

                        - Simple Present Tense (base form of verb)

                        - Simple Future Tense (will/shall + base form of verb)

                   (Perfect Tenses – used to express ideas that one event happens before another event)

-                      - Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle form of verb)

-                      - Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle form of verb)

-                      - Future Present Tense (will/shall + have + past participle form of verb)

                  (Progressive Tenses – used for unfinished events)

-                      - Past Progressive Tense (was + present participle form of verb or -ing form of verb)

-                      - Present Progressive Tense (Be-Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) + present participle form of verb or -ing form of verb)

-                      - Future Progressive Tense (will/shall + be + present participle form of verb or -ing form of verb)

E.) Adverb

            - modifiers of verbs, adjectives or another adverb.

            - 4 types of Adverb: Time (i.e. again, yesterday, never), Manner (i.e. angrily, easily, loudly), Degree (i.e. often, sometimes, daily) and Direction (i.e. near, there, ahead, ahead, top).

F.) Preposition

            - connects noun or pronoun to another word

            - prepositions are of, during, with, at, from, into, during, including, until, against.

G.) Interjection

            - a word that express emotions or feelings (i.e. Wow!)

H.) Conjunction

            - connects clauses or phrases

            - 3 types of conjunction: Coordinating Conjunction (connects equally important phrases), Subordinating Conjunction (connect independent or complete clause with dependent clauses) and Correlative Conjunction (joins different words in a sentence together).

                        - Coordinating Conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

                        - Subordinating Conjunction (although, as, before, once, though, until, whether)

                        - Correlative Conjunction (both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also)

I.) Determiner

            - words that introduces a noun

            - has 4 types:

                        - Articles (a, an, the)

                        - Demonstrative Pro. (this, that, these, those)

                        - Quantifiers (many, much, a lot of, most, some, any)

                        - Possessive Pro. (my, yours, his, hers, theirs, theirs, her)

            *numbers (one, ten, etc.)

            *Cardinal Numbers (4^th. 5^th, 6^th, etc.)

J.) Verbal

            - verbs that acts as another part of speech

            -has 4 types: Present Verbal (-ing), Past Verbal (-d and -ed), Verbal Gerund (i.e. Painting helps me relax) and Infinitives (verbals that begins with the word “to”).